Original Articles
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023)
Influence of emicizumab on protein C-mediated clotting regulation
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Received: 20 July 2023
Accepted: 21 September 2023
Accepted: 21 September 2023
2246
Views
378
Downloads
Authors
Emicizumab, a FVIII-mimetic bispecific antibody, is insensitive to degradation by activated protein C (APC) and may thus induce a procoagulant state. We investigated the effect of emicizumab on protein C-mediated inhibition of coagulation under in vitro conditions mimicking physiological and pathological clotting activation. Thrombin generation (TG) in tissue factor-triggered hemophilic plasma containing emicizumab (50 μg/mL) was inhibited by APC or thrombomodulin in a concentration-dependent manner, and to a similar extent as in plasma added with FVIII (Kovaltry, 1 IU/mL). However, when clotting was activated via the intrinsic pathway, emicizumab-plasma displayed resistance to APC, manifested by a barely detectable prolongation of the lag time of TG, and by the lack of inhibition of FXa generation. Moreover, in contact-activated plasma added with APC, the generation of a second wave of thrombin, following prothrombin replenishment, was much greater in emicizumab-plasma than in Kovaltry-plasma, suggesting that the insensitivity of emicizumab to APC may translate in greater thrombin formation. Considering the major role played by the contact system in the thrombotic process, hemophilia A patients under emicizumab treatment might be at increased thrombotic risk.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
Oldenburg J, Mahlangu JN, Kim B, et al. Emicizumab prophylaxis in hemophilia A with inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2017;377:809-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1703068
Mahlangu JN, Oldenburg J, Paz-Priel I, et al. Emicizumab prophylaxis in patients who have hemophilia A without Inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2018;379:811-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1803550
Kitazawa T, Igawa T, Sampei Z, et al. A bispecific antibody to factors IXa and X restores factor VIII hemostatic activity in a hemophilia A model. Nat Med 2012;18:1570-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2942
Lenting PJ, Denis CV, Christophe OD. Emicizumab, a bispecific antibody recognizing coagulation factors IX and X: how does it actually compare to factor VIII? Blood 2017;130:2463-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-08-801662
Esmon CT. The protein C pathway. Chest 2003;124:26s-32s. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.3_suppl.26S
Bertina RM, Koeleman BP, Koster T, et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994;369:64-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/369064a0
Nicolaes GA, Dahlbäck B. Factor V and thrombotic disease: description of a janus-faced protein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:530-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000012665.51263.B7
Dahlbäck B, Villoutreix BO. Regulation of Blood Coagulation by the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1311-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000168421.13467.82
Shen L, Dahlbäck B. Factor V and protein S as synergistic cofactors to activated protein C in degradation of factor VIIIa. J Biol Chem 1994;269:18735-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32228-7
Wilhelm AR, Parsons NA, Samelson-Jones BJ, et al. Activated protein C has a regulatory role in factor VIII function. Blood 2021;137:2532-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020007562
de Visser MC, Rosendaal FR, Bertina RM. A reduced sensitivity for activated protein C in the absence of factor V Leiden increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Blood 1999;93:1271-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V93.4.1271
Laffan MA, Manning R. The influence of factor VIII on measurement of activated protein C resistance. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1996;7:761-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001721-199611000-00003
Kyrle PA, Minar E, Hirschl M, et al. High plasma levels of factor VIII and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2000;343:457-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008173430702
Yada K, Nogami K, Shinozawa K, et al. Emicizumab-mediated haemostatic function in patients with haemophilia A is down-regulated by activated protein C through inactivation of activated factor V. Br J Haematol 2018;183:257-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15525
Hemker HC, Al Dieri R, De Smedt E, Béguin S. Thrombin generation, a function test of the haemostatic-thrombotic system. Thromb Haemost 2006;96:553-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1160/TH06-07-0408
Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Incampo F, et al. Dabigatran enhances clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis by mechanisms dependent on and independent of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:790-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03739.x
Muczynski V, Smith A, Sefiane T, et al. A FVIII-Mimetic Bispecific Antibody with an Embedded Self-Regulation Mechanism Reduces the Risk of Prothrombotic Events for the Treatment of Haemophilia A. Blood 2022;140:677-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-169482
Grover SP, Mackman N. Intrinsic Pathway of Coagulation and Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019;39:331-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.312130
Fredenburgh JC, Weitz JI. News at XI: moving beyond factor Xa inhibitors. J Thromb Haemost 2023;21:1692-702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.021
How to Cite
1.
Mancazzo F, Vitulli A, Dirienzo L, Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Colucci M. Influence of emicizumab on protein C-mediated clotting regulation. Bleeding Thromb Vascul Biol [Internet]. 2023 Oct. 25 [cited 2026 Jan. 21];2(4). Available from: https://www.btvb.org/btvb/article/view/89
Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- PO89 | Apixaban for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in hemodialysis patients: pharmacokinetic profile and safety outcomes , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO66 | Viscoelastic tests in disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with aortic aneurysm , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO13 | Monitoring of anti-factor XA activity levels in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants and concomitant tyrosine kinase inhibitors agents: a monocentric experience , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- CO37 | Assessment of clotting factor activity and sterility in thawed fresh frozen plasma supplied to helicopter emergency medical services for prehospital transfusion , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- CO33 | Acquired hemophilia A in Liguria, Italy: what six years of data reveal , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- Emanuele Valeriani, Arianna Pannunzio, Danilo Menichelli, Domenico Prisco, Walter Ageno, Daniele Pastori, Pasquale Pignatelli, Executive summary of the SISET position paper on the management of antithrombotic therapy in left ventricular thrombus , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
- PO55 | Evaluation of safety and efficacy of emicizumab prophylaxis in pediatric patients with hemophilia A – a single centre experience , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Mariarosaria Persichillo, Cardiovascular risk profile evolution over 15 years: comparison between CV-PREVITAL Trial and Moli-sani Study participants , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
- CO03 | Early discharge and home treatment of low-risk pulmonary embolism: a cohort study , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO16 | Antithrombotic treatment and outcomes in retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective cohort study and comparison with historical group , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
