Reviews
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026): In memory of Armando D’Angelo
https://doi.org/10.4081/btvb.2026.474

Inflammation and hemostatic system: a selection of involved clinical disorders

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Published: 28 August 2026
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tissue factor, thrombin, fibrosis, infectious and autoimmune diseases, fibrinolysis, thrombosis

Authors

Francesco Marongiu
francesco.marongiu@unica.it
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari; Haemostasis and Thrombosis Department, Cagliari University Hospital; Fondazione Arianna Anticoagulazione,it, Bologna, Italy.
Antonella Mameli
Haemostasis and Thrombosis Department, Cagliari University Hospital, Italy.
Silvia Marongiu
Transfusion Service, Nostra Signora di Bonaria Hospital – Mediocampidano Local Health Unit, San Gavino Monreale, Italy.
Doris Barcellona
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari; Haemostasis and Thrombosis Department, Cagliari University Hospital; Fondazione Arianna Anticoagulazione,it, Bologna, Italy.

The role of the hemostatic system in host defense underscores the significant connection among coagulation, platelets, and inflammation. Both the hemostatic and the immune systems share a common ancestral origin. During infections, blood coagulation and platelet activation work in tandem with the immune system to combat bacterial and viral threats. Together, they help limit the spread of these pathogens by forming a fibrin clot network that not only kills pathogens but also promotes tissue repair. However, an excessive response is dangerous, as it can lead to both thrombosis and bleeding. The aim of this narrative review is to present the link between inflammation and the hemostatic system across different pathological conditions, such as infectious diseases (sepsis, plague, COVID-19 infection, Ebola, and Dengue virus infection, and malaria) and autoimmune diseases (antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis). Although infectious diseases are characterized by a direct attack on the innate immune system, which in turn activates blood coagulation and platelets, Autoimmune diseases, through antibody production, can induce a coagulative reaction that can generate both thrombosis and fibrosis.

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CRediT authorship contribution

FM, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript original drafting. AM: data analysis and manuscript preparation, SM: reference selection and interpretation. DB: overview and original draft contribution.

Data Availability Statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

How to Cite



1.
Marongiu F, Mameli A, Marongiu S, Barcellona D. Inflammation and hemostatic system: a selection of involved clinical disorders. Bleeding Thromb Vasc Biol [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 28 [cited 2026 Aug. 28];5(3). Available from: https://www.btvb.org/btvb/article/view/474
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