Reviews
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
The use of creatine and the development of deep vein thrombosis. A scoping review
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Received: 16 June 2024
Accepted: 24 October 2024
Accepted: 24 October 2024
6351
Views
525
Downloads
Authors
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the development of blood clots in the deep veins of the extremities, classically described secondary to periods of inactivity. In some reports, creatine supplementation in the context of dehydration has been demonstrated to increase the likelihood of the development of DVTs in patients who were otherwise healthy. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review of incidences of DVTs related to creatine supplementation and urge future research to investigate the mechanism of this adverse effect. Following the standard PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, the authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms “deep vein thrombosis”, “DVT”, and “creatine intake or supplementation.” All relevant articles were included if they described an association between DVT and creatine supplementation. Once included, each study was qualitatively analyzed for relevant information. Any dispute of the articles for inclusion or exclusion were discussed until consensus was achieved. Four articles were included within this review from the case report and case series literature. While these articles reaffirmed the overall safety of creatine, there is an emphasis on ensuring adequate hydration in those taking this supplement. This should provoke further research into the role that creatine and other exercise supplements might play in provoking deep venous thrombosis. This evidence has the potential to change the advice of healthcare professionals to ensure they stress the importance of adequate hydration with the use of workout supplements.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
1. Jerjes-Sanchez C, Martinez-Sanchez C, Borrayo-Sanchez G, et al. Third national registry of acute coronary syndromes (RENASICA III). Arch Cardiol Mex 2015;85:207-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acmx.2015.04.001
2. Wolberg AS, Rosendaal FR, Weitz JI, et al. Venous thrombosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015;1:15006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.6
3. Bruni-Fitzgerald KR. Venous thromboembolism: an overview. J Vasc Nurs 2015;33:95-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2015.02.001
4. Brown A, Varkey T, Singh S. A drive interrupted: Stroke of the anterior choroidal artery – a case report. Stroke Clin 2024;1:32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59236/sc.v1i2.32
5. Navarrete S, Solar C, Tapia R, et al. Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis. Clin Exp Med 2023;23:645-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-022-00829-w
6. Anderson FA, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003;107:SI9-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6
7. Pomp ER, Lenselink AM, Rosendaal FR, Doggen CJ. Pregnancy, the postpartum period and prothrombotic defects: risk of venous thrombosis in the MEGA study. J Thromb Haemost 2008;6:632-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02921.x
8. Cushman M. Epidemiology and risk factors for venous thrombosis. Semin Hematol 2007;44:62-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.02.004
9. Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH. Genetics of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:301-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03394.x
10. Pomp ER, Doggen CJ, Vos HL, et al. Polymorphisms in the protein C gene as risk factor for venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2009;101:62-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1160/TH08-08-0502
11. Lussana F, Betti S, D’Angelo A, et al. Evaluation of the prevalence of severe hyperhomocysteinemia in adult patients with thrombosis who underwent screening for thrombophilia. Thromb Res 2013;132:681-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2013.09.038
12. Lindström S, Wang L, Smith EN, et al. Genomic and transcriptomic association studies identify 16 novel susceptibility loci for venous thromboembolism. Blood. 2019;134(19):1645-57. doi:10.1182/blood.2019000435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019000435
13. Nicolaides AN, Kakkar VV, Field ES, Renney JT. The origin of deep vein thrombosis: a venographic study. Br J Radiol 1971;44:653-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-44-525-653
14. Jaffray J, Young G. Deep vein thrombosis in pediatric patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018;65:e26881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26881
15. Koupenova M, Kehrel BE, Corkrey HA, Freedman JE. Thrombosis and platelets: an update. Eur Heart J 2017;38:785-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw550
16. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, et al. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:585-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.6.585
17. Raffini L, Huang YS, Witmer C, Feudtner C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children's hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007. Pediatrics 2009;124:1001-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0768
18. Varkey TC, Merhavy CE, Ding JB, et al. “What IVC?”: deep vein thrombosis in the context of IVC dysgenesis. Galician Med J 2023;30:e202328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2023.2.8
19. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018;169:467-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
20. Lee SH, Seo JA, Park JE, et al. A case of pulmonary thromboembolism possibly associated with the use of creatine supplements. Respirol Case Rep 2022;10:e0932. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rcr2.932
21. Tan CW, Hae Tha M, Joo Ng H. Creatine supplementation and venous thrombotic events. Am J Med 2014;127:e7-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.04.008
22. Moussa O, Chen RWS. Central retinal vein occlusion associated with creatine supplementation and dehydration. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021;23:101128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101128
23. Bertin M, Pomponi SM, Kokuhuta C, et al. Origin of the genes for the isoforms of creatine kinase. Gene 2007;392:273-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.007
24. Sahlin K, Harris RC. The creatine kinase reaction: a simple reaction with functional complexity. Amino Acids 2011;40:1363-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-0856-8
25. Harris R. Creatine in health, medicine and sport: an introduction to a meeting held at Downing College, University of Cambridge, July 2010. Amino Acids 2011;40:1267-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-0913-3
26. Mancano MA. Pancreatitis-associated with riluzole; linezolid-induced hypoglycemia; sorafenib-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; creatine supplementation–induced thrombotic events; acute pancreatitis associated with quetiapine; hypomagnesemia and seizure associated with rabeprazole. Hosp Pharm 2014;49:1004-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj4911-1004
27. Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017;14:18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z
How to Cite
1.
Akkihal K, Varkey T, Kelbert J. The use of creatine and the development of deep vein thrombosis. A scoping review. Bleeding Thromb Vascul Biol [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 18 [cited 2026 Jan. 22];3(3). Available from: https://www.btvb.org/btvb/article/view/142
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Similar Articles
- CO02 | Hepatic fibrosis as predictor of cancer-associated thrombosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO56 | Safety of anticoagulant treatment in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis and history of portal hypertension-related bleeding , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO07 | Liver transplant in a case of congenital afibrinogenemia , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO96 | Patient management with arteriovenous thrombotic manifestation and hemorrhagic complications , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- PO94 | The use of antidepressant drugs and benzodiazepine hypnotics as an unusual risk factor for VTE , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. s1 (2025)
- Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Wolfram Ruf, Jeffrey Weitz, Sam Schulman, Guy A. Young, A commitment to global collaboration, welcoming international participation and advancing science for the benefit of patients , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
- Renato Marino, Silvia Linari, Marzia Leotta, Antonio Coppola, Chiara Biasoli, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Flora Peyvandi, Cristina Santoro, Ezio Zanon, Rita Carlotta Santoro, Diagnostic and management practices for inherited fibrinogen disorders: a nationwide survey of Italian Hemophilia Treatment Centers , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
- Luca Barcella, Chiara Ambaglio, Paolo Gritti, Francesca Schieppati, Varusca Brusegan, Eleonora Sanga, Marina Marchetti, Luca Lorini, Anna Falanga, Long-term persistence of high anti-PF4 antibodies titer in a challenging case of AZD1222 vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
- Rita Carlotta Santoro, Roberto Minici, Marzia Leotta, Mariapia Falbo, Lucia Concetta Elia, Francesca Leo, Antonella Ierardi, Alessandra Strangio, Simona Prejanò, Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: report of two cases , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022)
- Silvia Linari, Renato Marino, Marzia Leotta, Antonio Coppola, Patrizia Di Gregorio, Augusto Bramante Federici, Flora Peyvandi, Cristina Santoro, Ezio Zanon, Rita Carlotta Santoro, The landscape of rare coagulation factor deficiency management in Italy: a national hemophilia center survey , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
